At The Rotterdam

INVESTING (EVERYONE)
Recorded November 25, 2022
 
Episode four of At The Rotterdam takes aim at the bearish echo chambers on YouTube, Twitter and mainstream media, shouted at us by “the contrarians”.
Macro doom porn sells, and is not currently contrarian.
Many commentators are perma-bears and even a stopped clock is right twice per day. Some have been bearish since 2010, during a period that had near record US stock market returns.
Will you learn anything from listening?
Jeff takes us through the motivation of the media, from experiences on both sides of the mic. Rasheed digs deep to see if the talking heads have actually made good recommendations, for themselves and their clients.
 
We'd love to hear from you. Get in touch at [email protected]
 
Links:
Show Twitter: https://twitter.com/AtTheRotterdam
Show Website: www.attherotterdam.com
Rasheed’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/r_sale
 
Disclaimer: Nothing At The Rotterdam should be considered as investment advice. Always speak to a registered financial advisor before investing in anything mentioned on this podcast. 

INVESTING (EVERYONE)
Recorded October 15, 2022
 
For our third episode of At The Rotterdam, Jeff and Rasheed go back in economic history again, but this time only to the turn of this century, to 2000-1. Here is a nice piece about that era: http://www.paulgraham.com/bubble.html
 
Then, like now, tech experienced a major correction that took years to recover from. But the recovery post 2001-2 lows was unprecedented. 
 
The worst losses this year have been in zero revenue and zero profit technology companies, as well as crypto assets. Cathie Wood’s ARK Invest is down over 75% from ATHs as of this podcast. Electric vehicle companies such as Lordstown (RIDE) and Velodyne Lidar are down more than 90%. Streaming company ROKU is down around the same. 
 
So where do we go now with tech? To be honest we have no idea. But we came up with eight lessons from the dot-com crash that may or may not be applicable to our listeners.
 
Stocks such as Amazon and Apple collapsed in 2000 but eventually not only rallied back to above their previous highs but have skyrocketed since. Apple fell 80% in 2000-1 but is currently up 11,300% from its 2000 ATH and 59,000% from its 2003 ATL. Any time was the right time to buy such stocks. The lesson here may be that what you buy is more important than when you buy.
Some stocks never recovered after the crash (e.g. Pets.com). They were a bust at any price. Once again, market timing didn’t matter. Bad ideas generally can’t survive austerity. Corollary of lesson 1.
Some ideas were good ideas but the companies didn’t have the runway to make it. Because bear markets generally last a while and funding can dry up for a long time, eventual winners need positive cash flow or strong balance sheets. Watch for cash burn especially. New firms with fresh funding can enter and take all of the spoils if competitors are weak. This is what Google did, post-2000.
Even the best stocks took years to bounce back after the 2000 crash. It took Amazon almost 10 years to beat its old high. Other than the COVID crash and 1987, recent bear markets have lasted years. Patience has historically been a highly-valuable  virtue. 
The strong firms stood on the shoulders of their fallen brethren. Without Global Crossing putting fiber across the Atlantic and then going under, would we even have e-commerce? Bubbles change dynamics. They fund bad ideas and good ideas alike. There is time to see who will take advantage of the weaknesses and failures of others. 
Don’t hold the losers through the bear. There are lots of bear traps, rallies where everybody is filled with some hope before markets collapse again. There were multiple 10-20% rallies in 2000-2003 where it would make sense to dump the losers.
The collapse did not invalidate the internet thesis. Far from it: It created the next generation of champions that could build on positive cash flow and/or strong balance sheets and business models. Is this true of newly-emergent tech like electric vehicles?
2000-1 is an example where a few bgi winners dominated the best portfolios. The best way to have ensured you bought and held Apple, Amazon and Microsoft, to name three winners, was to be very diversified. Diversity has historically been finance’s free lunch. Rasheed holds a barbell of safe assets and emergent companies. One future Apple pays for a lot of mistakes.
In hindsight, the dot-com crash of 2000 is a hardly-noticeable blip in the NASDAQ. WIll this be true of 2022-3?
 
Links:
Show Twitter: https://twitter.com/AtTheRotterdam
Rasheed’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/r_sale
Disclaimer: Nothing At The Rotterdam should be considered as investment advice. Always speak to a registered financial advisor before investing in anything mentioned on this podcast. 

FINANCE AND POLICY
Recorded October 25, 2022
Our second episode of At The Rotterdam sees Jeff and Rasheed discuss a market they follow closely. Both are homeowners in two of the world’s frothiest housing markets, and Rasheed ran a fund that invested in distressed mortgages from the US, UK and peripheral Europe.
Could Canada really be in danger of a major financial system shock triggered by the real estate market? The answer is yes.  Even though the probability remains low, the threat is there.  
Of course there is an opportunity to go back into financial history again. This time Rasheed recounts the US mortgage crisis of the 1930s and uses that to explain why Canada needs to clean up its act when it comes to the structure of its mortgage market.
Just before the Great Depression, US mortgage markets looked a lot like Canada’s do right now, with most loans due in the 0-3 years and very little principal being paid down. In the 1930s, severe deflation across the board put pressure on housing prices. Those with mortgages coming due could not refinance as the new required down payment (LTVs were often 50%) while banks with credit troubles were reluctant to lend at any price. During the downturn, most US mortgages came due and at one point almost half the mortgage market was in default. 
Policy makers then realized that longer term fixed rate mortgages would be safer, and that is what the US now has: 30 year fixed rates.  As long as the borrower can afford the monthly, they can stay in their home for a very long time. There is less chance of a wave of required refinancing in a bear market resulting in forced sales by homeowners who borrowed when prices were much higher.
Canada’s reasons for having a market of mostly 5 year terms with 20-30 year amortization periods are structural, related to the Bank Act, how mortgages are financed, and the term of available mortgage insurance. These can all be changed through government policy to incentivize long-dated mortgages. Those mortgages are less likely to mature at a point where prices are below the borrower’s origination price, and a crisis is much less likely. Is it worth it? 
We think so.
Readings:
A history of the Canadian mortgage market
The US experience and response
C.D. Howe and the IMF on the resilience of the Canadian mortgage market
Links:
Show Twitter: https://twitter.com/AtTheRotterdam
Rasheed’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/r_sale
Disclaimer: Nothing At The Rotterdam should be considered as investment advice. Always speak to a registered financial advisor before investing in anything mentioned on this podcast.

FINANCE (ADVANCED)
Recorded November 15, 2022
 
Our inaugural episode of At The Rotterdam uses the recent events in crypto – FTX and Celsius failures – to explain why we (in the US) have the financial regulation we do. 
 
It’s all due to history: From the Forgotten Depression of 1920-1, through the Crash of 1929, the bank and mortgage market failures of the early 1930s, and the broker defaults of the 1970s.
 
The US government, its agencies and the financial industries themselves regulated financial markets in order to restore investor trust and confidence. 
 
In the 1920s, the Chicago exchanges and the Federal government cleaned up and legitimized commodity futures markets by requiring brokers to segregate funds and eliminate manipulation and conflicts of interest. 
 
The regulation that established the SIPC in the 1970s ensured that retail client funds would be safe even if the broker defaulted. The SIPC helped repay all of Madoff’s small investors.
 
If FTX and Celsius were regulated like their traditional counterparts, at the very least the losses would likely have been mitigated and likely compensated, and the events might never have happened.
 
We shouldn’t need crises to remind us why we have consumer protection regulation in financial markets. History should be enough.
 
References:
What do we know about FTX so far.
What happened at Celsius.
Coinbase’s policies.
Rasheed’s book on the regulation of markets in the 1920s and 30s
Reminiscences of a Stock Operator (1923)
The history of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC)
Refco bankruptcy
Links:
Show Twitter: https://twitter.com/AtTheRotterdam
Rasheed’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/r_sale
Disclaimer: Nothing At The Rotterdam should be considered as investment advice. Always speak to a registered financial advisor before investing in anything mentioned on this podcast.